STAGE 4: WRITING UP
In tertiary writing, all essays should begin with an opening
paragraph (an introduction), which may include a:
Setting (background information)
Statement of purpose
Summary of main points
WRITING Task
The dominance of black people in US sport is due to sociological
rather
than physiological factors. Discuss.
EXAMPLE:
Since World War II popular American sports such as Baseball,
Basketball and Field and Track have seen the qualitative and
quantitative dominance of black (Afro-America) athletes. The purpose
of this essay is to examine the relative importance of the
sociological and physiological factors which have contributed to
this phenomenon. It will be argued that, despite some tentative
evidence of physiological differences, the factors which determine
black pre-eminence in sport are primarily sociological.
Strategies for writing paragraphs:
1. Begin each paragraph with a summary sentence - a sentence which
contains the main point of the paragraph.
2. Continue the paragraph by giving more information about the main
point. This might involve: giving an explanation; an example; a
reason; additional detail.
第四部分 议论文
Sample Essay 1
It is a fact of life that the development of science and technology
has been accompanied by a decline in traditional culture. In my
opinion, this is not necessarily a bad thing, because some aspects
of traditional culture hamper progress an d should be abandoned
Moreover, it is natural that people should want to find new ways of
doing things.
In the first place, science and technology have cleared up many
matters that were mysterious to us in the past. For instance, we now
know that thunder and lightning are not caused by gods being angry,
but are normal natural phenomena. As a result, a large number of
harmful superstitions have disappeared, and nobody regrets their
passing.
In the second place, our everyday lives have been made more
convenient by scientific and technological inventions. Nowadays
electric lights have replaced the traditional oil lamps, and
computers enable us to make quicker and more accurate calculations.
Even more important is the fact that television brings the family
together in the evening.
In the third place, science and technology actually help to preserve
the useful and pleasant parts of traditional culture. Take the
celebration of the Chinese Lantern Festival for example. Lanterns
are now designed with modern technology and materials to make them
more attractive, and they are powered by electricity, which is safer
than candles.
Therefore, for the above reasons, I welcome the development of
science and technology. Advances in science and technology have
brought us many benefits. At the same time, they have eliminated the
bad parts of traditional culture while preserving the good parts.
Sample Essay 3
It is an undeniable fact that scientific and technological
developments bring great benefits to people. Especially since the
Industrial Revolution took place, our lives have been made much more
convenient by inventions such as trains, airplanes and computers.
But I think that the loss of our traditional culture is too high a
price to pay for this.
In the first place, our culture has formed the customs and values of
our people for centuries. We must let our culture guide us in our
everyday lives, and not allow machines to make our decisions for us.
A comfortable but spiritually empty life, without the traditional
bonds of kinship and friendship would not be worth living.
Secondly, it is obvious that people are anxious to preserve their
culture. For instance, Chinese people who use computers and cars
during the day sit down to watch Peking opera and eat traditional
food in the evening. Especially when people move to other countries
they become homesick and form national culture societies.
Last but not least, we should make science and technology serve
traditional culture. This can be done by making festivals and other
cultural occasions more widely known, using radio and television. In
addition, we should strengthen our family ties by using the latest
developments in telecommunications, such as email.
In conclusion, I think we should never allow science and technology
to dazzle our eyes so that we lose sight of our cultural values. On
the contrary, we should use the discoveries of science and
technology to reinforce our fine cultural traditions. The result
will be that our lives will be materially and spiritually balanced.
Writing task 2
In writing task 2, you need to use your own knowledge and experience
to supply the information for your writing plan.
Some students, particularly in exam conditions, find it difficult to
think of appropriate examples. The questions contained in writing
task 2 deal with contemporary problems and issues you've probably
already heard about and have perhaps given some thought to.
Remember, your ideas don't need to be original, only relevant to the
answer. If it is difficult for you to think of examples you might
find it helpful to focus on some specific aspects of the topic. For
example, in answering the question about TV on page 3 you might
start by thinking about the different kinds of program you're
familiar with:
Documentaries feature films news
weatherdrama
comedyshows cartoons educational TV concerts advertisements
You can then consider the benefits and risks of each kind of
program grouping all the benefits together and then all the risks.
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